25 October 2021
For people suffering from pectus deformities, it can be difficult to find the answers to key questions they might have about the condition and its treatment. At the London Orthotic Consultancy we have been treating both pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum non-surgically since 2010. Bracing treatment for these conditions is now accepted as a conservative option that negates the need for surgery.
During the pandemic, Sam Walmsley, Director and lead orthoptist at LOC was invited to take part in a virtual Q & A session with members of The Academy of Physical Medicine.
Scroll down to find your questions about your condition in a series of bite-sized easily accessible clips.
Q1 What kind of conditions are pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum?
01.55-2.35
Q2. What types of pectus excavatum are there?
02.47-3.18
Q3. What types of pectus carinatum are there?
03.25-04.22
Q7.Is the condition hereditary?
12.07-12.40
Q12. IF someone stops exercising because of the condition, this must have an impact on health?
20.28-21.09
Q6. What should we be looking for to diagnose the condition?
07.22-09.52
Q4. At what point do you decide to treat these conditions?
04.34-05.55
Q8. Is a GP likely to dismiss the condition?
12.48-14.24
Q11. Should pectus carinatum patients be treated immediately on diagnosis?
19.14-20.27
Q16. What is the treatment for pectus carinatum?
31.29-33.54
Q17. What is the treatment for pectus excavatum?
34.45-36.06
Q13. What is the age range for treatment?
21.20-23.36
Q19 How long does a course of treatment take?
42.45-43.22
Q15. What do the pectus braces look like?
29.40-33.54
Q18. Is the (vacuum) bell not worn all the time?
36.05-37.04
Q5. Teenagers are very much aware of their appearance, aren’t they unlikely to want to wear a brace?
06.00-07.07
Q9. What are the surgical procedures?
17.22-18.40
Q10. Why don’t NICE recommend the NUSS procedure?
18.47-19.12
Q14. If untreated do pectus deformities change with age?
23.47-25.55
This depends on several factors; the position of the chest wall deformity, its severity, the flexibility of the chest, the kind of results wanting to be achieved and the age of the person undergoing treatment for pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum.
Early adolescence (roughly between the ages of 12-16 years old) – is an optimum age to start treatment, given that the chest is still maturing, and flexible, permanent correction is more easily achievable. Once bracing treatment is complete and a patient has stopped growing, the deformity will not return. For younger pectus patients, conservative bracing is used to keep a deformity from worsening and can help them to avoid surgery in later life.
For older pectus patients (between the ages of 20 to 30) results can be harder to achieve, as the costal cartilage hardens into the bone as a person matures. Over the years we have successfully treated many adults for both pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum and active adults with flexible chests can expect good results.
Again, this hugely depends on what a patient wants to achieve from treatment; whether that’s avoidance of surgery, improvement in the appearance of the chest shape, reduction in rib flaring etc. All these goals are taken into consideration during your first consultation. While there are no serious health risks of having pectus carinatum or excavatum – beyond the cosmetic – for many patients and parents, treatment outcomes involve improving confidence and self-esteem. During our 2018 Pectus Patient Survey, 92% of pectus carinatum patients surveyed said that treatment had a ‘major improvement’ or ‘an improvement’ on their social life.
You can read the results of our 2018 Pectus Patient Survey and quality of life questionnaire here.
Regular reviews are part of the treatment programme, preferably in clinic with one of our specialist orthotists, or via Skype consultations.
The number of appointments needed will vary from patient to patient but as a general rule, younger pectus patients who are growing at a faster rate will need to be seen more regularly for check-up appointments. This is to ensure that the brace fits well and is guiding the chest into the correct position as growth spurts occur. For other patients, this can be scaled back according to their individual needs and demands.
Regular appointments are beneficial for assessing progress, checking for signs of rubbing and determining whether another brace is needed. Appointments are also good for checking patient compliance to brace wearing and the breathing and exercise programme. At each appointment, we make time for patients to see our physiotherapist to fine-tune their exercise programme and check to see how a patient has been managing with the current programme.
We always advise coming in for appointments whenever you have any concerns about the brace or treatment programme, especially if a brace is rubbing or not fitting correctly. At the London Orthotic Consultancy, we have treated numerous international patients that have benefitted from specially designed braces that leave room to accommodate for growth and that can be adjusted remotely. Follow-up appointments for international patients are conducted via Skype.
This is a very common concern for patients considering treatment; in general, the dynamic chest compressor brace is easy to conceal if you are wearing a loose-fitting shirt for school or work. If you are wearing two chest braces – one for the main deformity and the other for rib flaring – then this may be more noticeable, especially under a t-shirt. Normally loose-fitting clothing will conceal the brace, though it’s likely it will be seen through tight-fitting clothes.
It is really important to continue exercising while going through bracing treatment. Exercise is fundamental to keeping the chest wall flexible. Our treatment programme incorporates a daily exercise routine of around 30-40 minutes of stretching using yoga poses, resistance bands, deep breathing exercises and general muscle stretches. Deep breathing exercises allow the lungs to expand against the chest wall, pushing it outwards.
Exercising with the brace on in the later stages of treatment can also make the chest correction more stable and permanent.
Swimming is one of the best forms of exercise to complement bracing treatment, as the body positions required to swim imitate the resistance band training designed to stretch the chest and increase its flexibility. Some swimming strokes are better for this than others, please check with your clinician. The brace should always be removed for contact sports and for swimming.
For most patients, one brace is often all that is needed to achieve a desired level of correction. They are each designed to last the duration of treatment and accommodate any growth that may occur in that time. Some patients have benefitted from having two braces – one to treat the main deformity and the other to treat rib flaring. For some pectus excavatum patients, having a brace apply pressure to the ribs – in addition to vacuum bell therapy – can greatly reduce the appearance of the depressed sternum area of the chest, forcing it upwards and outwards into a more corrective position.
If you are worried about your chest shape, or your child’s chest shape, then get in touch for a free Skype consultation with one of our pectus specialists who can assess their chest and discuss treatment options. We are always happy to communicate with local GPs, thoracic surgeons and consultants if a patient approaches us for bracing treatment after considering other options.
